Pathogenic bacteria secrete
various virulence factors, including toxins,
lipases and pro-teases that allow them to infect,
breakdown and colonize host tissue. Among
various modes of action that the pathogenic
bacteria use to damage the host, pore formation
(by pore forming toxins (PFTs)) and lipid
hydrolysis (by phospholipases) modes are
common in damaging the eukaryotic cell
membrane. PFTs in their monomeric form are
extracellular diffusible and able to form
hydrophilic pores in cell membrane while
phospholipases cleaves and hydrolyzes the ester
bonds of most phospholipids in cell membrane.