Institution: SONALI BANK LTD Exam: Sonali Bank Ltd - Assistant Programmer - 26.08.2016 ||
Topic: ICT (তথ্য ও যোগাযোগ প্রযুক্তি), Subject: Computer and ICT (তথ্য ও যোগাযোগ প্রযুক্তি)

Best Answer Explained in Below-:

The correct answer to the question regarding the main threat of cloud-based provisioning is indeed C) Virtualization. Virtualization technology is fundamental to cloud computing, as it allows multiple virtual machines (VMs) to run on a single physical server. While this provides significant benefits in terms of resource optimization and scalability, it also introduces unique security vulnerabilities.

One primary concern is the risk of "hypervisor attacks" where an attacker exploits vulnerabilities in the hypervisor, the software managing the VMs, to access the virtual machines' data or disrupt their operations. Additionally, since multiple tenants share the same physical resources in a cloud environment, there is a risk of "data leakage," where data from one VM might be inadvertently exposed to another.

In contrast, while costs and security are critical considerations for cloud provisioning, they are more about operational and management challenges rather than inherent threats posed by the technology itself. Thus, the unique characteristics and potential pitfalls of virtualization itself make it a pivotal focus when discussing the risks of cloud-based provisioning.