Institution: Directorate of Nursing Services (DNS) Exam: বিএসসি ইন নার্সিং ভর্তি পরীক্ষা । ২০২২-২০২৩ || নার্সিং(Nursing) ভর্তি পরীক্ষা || 2023
Topic: Biology (জীববিদ্যা), Subject: General Science (সাধারণ বিজ্ঞান)

Best Answer Explained in Below-:

The question pertains to the fermentation process in which ethanol (ethyl alcohol) is produced from starch and sugarcane jaggery (গুড়). While "আদ্রবিশ্লেষণ" (Hydrolysis) is often involved in breaking down complex carbohydrates into simpler sugars, giving rise to fermentable substrates, the predominant method for converting these substrates into ethanol is the fermentation process known as "গাঁজন".

In the case of starch, it first undergoes hydrolysis, where water is used to break down starch molecules into simpler sugars, primarily glucose. This is generally aided by enzymes such as amylase. Once the starch is hydrolyzed into sugars, the next step is fermentation, where microorganisms like yeast convert these sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide.

However, the mention of "আদ্রবিশ্লেষণ" in this context as the primary process could indicate a misunderstanding since, while it plays a crucial role in preparing the raw materials for fermentation, it is not the final step in producing ethanol. Thus, the best option from the provided answer choices, reflecting the process involved in producing ethanol specifically from starch and jaggery, would actually be “B) গাঁজন” (fermentation), rather than "A) আদ্রবিশ্লেষণ".